In 2025 the UAE is to retain its top position amongst the best countries where an entrepreneur can expand business with tax benefits and easy business environment. The question that comes to one’s mind before beginning a venture is whether to register in the Free Zone or the Mainland. Both have their own merits and demerits in terms of market access, ownership, cost, and regulatory requirements. This guide will help you make a complete breakdown and solve the conundrum for you.
Mainland and Free Zone Structures Explained
Mainland
Mainland company is one that is licensed by the Department of Economic Development of a specific emirate or, for example, Dubai or Abu Dhabi. Traditionally, non-citizen depositors would require a local partner of the UAE nationality with at least 51% ownership; however, now, with the ongoing reforms, most of the sectors have been opened fully for the ownership of 100% non-citizen investment.
The Mainland Advantages are:
- The business is free to do business-company in any part of the UAE.
- It is eligible for bidding on government contracts.
- There is no cap on the number of office locations anywhere in the country.
- No restrictions on marketing or invoicing to local customers.
It is under this particular structure that the traditional businesses like retail, restaurants, construction, and service-based enterprises opt for a direct presence in the UAE market.
Free Zone
Free Zones are geographically designated areas with their own regulatory authorities—like DMCC, DIFC, JAFZA, or Ajman Free Zone. They were created to attract foreign investment with benefits such as:
- 100% foreign ownership
- Tax exemptions, including zero corporate and import duties
- Streamlined licensing and office packages
- Prebuilt support for specific industries (tech, media, finance)
Free Zone companies can trade freely within the zone and internationally but cannot directly operate in the Mainland UAE without appointing a local distributor or opening a branch.
Key Considerations for 2025
Market Access
- Mainland: The UAE permits you to sell to customers directly, establish branches, and conduct business on public contracts.
- Free Zone: It entails the presence in the UAE of a distributor or branch based within the nation to gain access to the local market.
Ownership and Control
Nevertheless, there may be some regulated sectors that require a local partner; otherwise, with both types of approvals, it is now possible that 100% foreign ownership will be allowed.
Historically, it has mostly been the mainland firms that have provided greater flexibility in terms of what you can do with an activity license and location of operations.
FREE ZONES Full foreign ownership remains with Free Zones, a good option for startups and international organizations.
Licensing and Startup Timeline
- The Free Zones will be a very fast company setup, sometimes from one to three weeks, coupled with packages for offices and visas.
- Mainland setups usually work within 2–4 weeks, compounded by additional requirements such as commercial office leases and DED approvals.
Office Space and Visa Quota Allocation
- According to DED regulations, mainland enterprises require a commercial office and visa quota related to the size of the office.
- For Free Zones, shared offices and ‘virtual’ registrations with visa-quotas tied to package size are allowed; they’re good for smaller teams.
Cost Implications
Free Zone: Usually lower upfront costs, combined with bundled packages and optional add-ons. Mainland: More in terms of costs on leasing, municipal fees, and regulation; the other side is that it’s under 9% corporate income tax on profits exceeding AED 375,000.
Corporate Tax & Compliance
The UAE will enforce a tax rate of 9% for corporate enterprises on the Mainland making in excess of AED 375,000 by 2023.
Free Zone corporations are allowed to be exempt from certain businesses conducted in the Mainland and are generally regarded as being fully compliant with the laws and regulations set out by the Free Zone.
Both structures maintain an exposure profile subject to adherence to the UAE compliance framework in respect of economic substance regulations or VAT, if applicable.
Which One Suits You Best?
Select Mainland If You Wish To:
- Sell, or provide services to, other businesses or consumers in the UAE
- Bid for public-sector or government contracts
- Open multiple locations in different emirates
- Receive walk-in customers or conducting any other permitted activity tied to the mainland
Choose Free Zone If You Wish To:
- Operate internationally or online
- Maintain a small workforce with remote or flexible working
- Automating customer services
- Be able to have 100% foreign ownership with lower operation costs
- There is a business-centric ecosystem for your industry.
There are many free zones that are sector-specific, such as technology in Dubai Internet City or FinTech in ADGM. These provide you with the right partners and infrastructure for your business to feel perfectly at home.
Combining Both: A Hybrid Strategy
A growing number of businesses in 2025 are adopting a hybrid structure. They set up a Free Zone entity for international operations, brand building, and tax efficiency, while simultaneously registering a Mainland branch to handle local clients, government requirements, and payment processing. This dual setup harmonizes cost efficiency with market access.
Overlooked Factors
- Banking relationships: Some Free Zones work better with specific banks—ask your business advisor.
- Regulated activities: Certain sectors (e.g., legal, medical, insurance) may only be licensed through Mainland.
- Visa quotas: Your workforce growth expectations may tip the balance—Free Zones can be limiting if you plan to hire many employees.
- Local permits: For local signage, trade permits, and other municipal licenses, Mainland offers more comprehensive infrastructure.
Final Thoughts
The decision between a Mainland or Free Zone license depends on your firm strategy:
- Mainland offers full access to the UAE economy, ideal for consumer-facing, physical, or regulated enterprise models.
- Free Zones offer simplicity, speed, full ownership, and tax benefits—perfect for startups, digital-first firms, and export-focused ventures.
- Hybrid structures offer the best of both worlds: tax efficiency, full licensing, and UAE market access.
In 2025, with modern reforms and a dual-license environment, both options have improved flexibility. Planning based on your operational model, growth expectations, and compliance needs is essential for long-term success.
What is the difference between mainland and Freezone license in UAE?
A Mainland license allows you to trade across the UAE, access the local market directly, and pursue government contracts. A Free Zone license permits ownership and international trade but restricts direct business in the UAE without a local distributor or branch.
How to choose a Freezone in UAE?
Begin by identifying your industry niche—media, e-commerce, tech, finance—then research Free Zones tailored to that sector. Evaluate their support services, visa quotas, cost structures, and flexibility to find the best fit.
How much is a Freezone license in UAE?
Costs typically range from AED 10,000 to AED 50,000 (approx. USD 2,700–13,600) depending on the Free Zone, license type, and office package. Additional costs may apply for visas, customs, and professional services.
How do I set up a business in UAE, Mainland, and Freezone?
Mainland: Choose an activity, register with the DED, lease commercial space, sponsor visas based on office size, and apply for economic and trade licenses.
Free Zone: Select a zone that fits your business model, register through the zone’s authority, select an office package, apply for a trade license, and arrange visas and registration.
From there, you’ll open a bank account, register for VAT if needed, and comply with economic substance regulations—even in Free Zones where business is non-Mainland.