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Pros and cons of central bank digital currencies

Published:
September 26, 2022

CBDC is generally determined as a digital liability of monetary authorities that is broadly accessible to the general public. We have already figured out what is CBDC, which countries have CBDC and how they differ from cryptocurrency. To get greater clarity, it is reasonable to put CBDC in the context of other types of money and define their peculiarities. That’s why the following is a brief summary of the pros and cons of central bank digital currencies.

Merits of CBDC

CBDCs facilitate the execution of monetary policies and functions of governments in their relation. Authorities apply wholesale CBDCs to automate the affairs between banking institutions and retail or general-purpose CBDCs to form an unmediated link between customers and monetary authorities. Also, such government services as setting up tax benefit principles, assessment, and collection of taxes, can take advantage of these digital assets by minimizing operational processes and expanses.

Generally, money is allocated via agents, which entails 3rd-party risks in transactions. What may occur if the bank’s cash deposits run out? What if there happens an external occurrence such as a financial crisis? Such occasions can muddle an economic ecosystem. A CBDC greatly reduces the likelihood of a 3rd party as the monetary authority is liable for any existing or potential risk.

In an approach offered by CBDC, privacy features can be evaluated. A value-grounded retail CBDC acts like currency and safeguards personal data by maintaining payment operations undisclosed. Account-grounded access to CBDCs, on the other side, acts like a conventional bank account and can cover privacy safeguards.

CBDCs can determine illicit operations as they are kept in a digital way and do not need serial numbers to be followed. A monetary authority can easily trace currency by applying cryptographic method and a public ledger within its legal system, banning criminal or suspicious operations and illicit transactions.

The costs of developing the banking infrastructure necessary to provide access to the monetary mechanisms are one of the impediments to financial coverage for broad segments of the unbanked population, particularly in countries with lower domestic gross product. CBDC can build on an unmediated connection between clients and monetary authorities, preventing the necessity for expensive infrastructures.

Disadvantages of CBDC

CBDC isn’t always the response to the issue of centralization. The right to carry out payment operations is still delegated to and vested in a central bank. Following this, it is clear that it still influences information and transaction levers between clients and banking organizations.
Since the bank bears the liability for gathering and disseminating digital identifications, clients would have to lose some confidentiality. Each transaction would be disclosed to the banking service provider. This approach could lead to privacy concerns close to those got through by IT giants and ISPs. In this respect, criminals could, for instance, hack and misuse personal data, or central banks could veto citizen-to-citizen payment operations.

CBDC shows the effectiveness when it comes to international and cross-currency payments that aren’t constrained by business hours or holidays in different time zones. Distinct legal and regulative mechanisms, on the other side, switch on a considerable impediment to cross-border payments. It would be difficult to unite these frameworks in a single one.
In addition, CBDC may have some effects on Forex markets. For instance, China’s CBDC is meant to threaten to erode the dominance of the US dollar. If the e-yuan becomes the primary payment instrument in China, international corporations will have to use it to run their operations, potentially affecting the USD’s position.

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